Introduction
Choosing the right filament is crucial in FDM 3D printing, significantly influencing print quality, strength, durability, and functionality. PLA (Polylactic Acid) is often considered the go-to filament for beginners and experts alike. But as the technology and applications have matured, so too have the materials available. PLA+, PLA Pro, and other enhanced variants have emerged, promising better mechanical properties, higher temperature resistance, and improved finish. But what do these claims really mean? And which filament should you choose for your project?
This article provides an in-depth comparison of PLA vs PLA+ vs PLA Pro, focusing on key parameters like tensile strength, impact resistance, heat deflection, surface quality, and ease of printing. Whether you’re prototyping functional parts, designing aesthetic models, or running a print farm, understanding the nuances between these filaments can help you make the most informed decision.
Types of PLA
Overview Table
| Property | PLA | PLA+ | PLA Pro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ease of Printing | ✅ Easiest | ✅ Easy | ✅ Moderate |
| Tensile Strength | ❌ Low | ✅ Moderate | ✅ High |
| Impact Resistance | ❌ Brittle | ✅ Improved | ✅ Excellent |
| Heat Resistance (HDT) | ~55°C | ~60–70°C | ~80–90°C |
| Surface Finish | ✅ Excellent | ✅ Very Good | ✅ Good |
| Print Speed | ✅ Fast | ✅ Fast | ⚠ Slower (may require tuning) |
| Cost | ✅ Low | ⚠ 10–20% higher | ⚠ 30–50% higher |
Basic PLA
PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources such as corn starch and sugarcane, making it one of the most environmentally friendly filaments. It is known for its low melting point (~180–220°C), minimal warping, and ease of use, making it ideal for hobbyists and educational environments. The low melting point means it does not usually require a heated print bed, simplifying the printing process for beginners.
Advantages:
- Easy to print
- Low odor
- Biodegradable and eco-friendly
- Excellent surface finish
- Good dimensional accuracy
Disadvantages:
- Poor thermal resistance (HD ~55°C)
- Brittle
- Lower impact and tensile strength
What Is PLA+?
PLA+ is a modified version of PLA, typically incorporating additives such as TPU, PETG, or proprietary impact modifiers. While formulations vary by manufacturer, the general goal is to improve PLA’s mechanical and thermal properties without compromising its printability.
Key Improvements Over PLA:
- Increased flexibility and impact resistance
- Higher tensile strength
- Slightly better thermal resistance (~60–70°C HDT)
- Reduced brittleness
- Improved layer adhesion
Use Cases:
- Functional prototypes
- Tools and jigs
- Models requiring post-processing (sanding, painting)
What Is PLA Pro?
PLA Pro, also marketed as “High-Performance PLA” or “Engineering PLA,” goes a step further by incorporating high-end additives, potentially including carbon fiber, advanced polymers, or crystalline reinforcements. These blends are engineered to bridge the gap between traditional PLA and more demanding materials like ABS or PETG.
Typical Enhancements:
- Up to 2x tensile strength of regular PLA
- High impact resistance
- Heat deflection up to 85°C or higher
- Excellent dimensional stability
- Strong interlayer bonding
Use Cases:
- Engineering-grade functional parts
- High-load or high-wear applications
- Durable prototypes for mechanical testing
What Is PLA Pro?
PLA Pro, also marketed as “High-Performance PLA” or “Engineering PLA,” goes a step further by incorporating high-end additives, potentially including advanced polymers, or crystalline reinforcements. These blends are engineered to bridge the gap between traditional PLA and more demanding materials like ABS or PETG.
Typical Enhancements:
- Up to 2x tensile strength of regular PLA
- High impact resistance
- Heat deflection up to 85°C or higher
- Excellent dimensional stability
- Strong interlayer bonding
Use Cases:
- Engineering-grade functional parts
- High-load or high-wear applications
- Durable prototypes for mechanical testing
Surface Finish & Print Quality
PLA is known for its glossy, smooth surface finish. PLA+ often retains similar visual quality but may offer slightly less sheen due to additives. PLA Pro may have a matte or textured finish depending on its formulation, especially if complex fillers are included.
Tips for Optimal Results:
- Use a clean, level bed
- Optimize retraction to avoid stringing
- Enable cooling fans for overhangs and bridging
Post-Processing Considerations
| Process | PLA | PLA+ | PLA Pro |
| Sanding | ✅ Easy | ✅ Easy | ⚠ Can be more difficult |
| Painting | ✅ Excellent | ✅ Excellent | ✅ Excellent |
| Gluing | ✅ Compatible | ✅ Compatible | ✅ Compatible |
| Annealing | ⚠ May warp | ✅ Better results | ✅ Best for heat stability |
Environmental Impact
All three materials are derived from PLA, maintaining a more sustainable profile compared to ABS or Nylon. However, keep in mind:
- PLA is biodegradable under industrial composting
- PLA+ and PLA Pro may contain non-biodegradable fillers
- Recyclability varies by formulation
If environmental sustainability is critical to your project, stick with pure PLA or research the specific additives used in PLA+ and PLA Pro.
Specific Examples
Elegoo provides a detailed comparison of their filaments on their site. Here are the mechanical properties of Basic PLA vs PLA+ vs PLA Pro:
| Mechanical Property | Basic PLA | PLA+ | PLA Pro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength – XY | 38 ± 3 MPa | 38 ± 2 MPa | 32 ± 2 MPa |
| Breaking Elongation – XY | 10.5% ± 2.1% | 7.9% ± 1.6% | 14.1% ± 2.1% |
| Bending Modulus – XY | 2993 ± 182 MPa | 2979 ± 156 MPa | 2964 ± 169 MPa |
| Bending Strength – XY | 72 ± 5 MPa | 74 ± 4 MPa | 66 ± 3 MPa |
| Impact Strength – XY | 66.2 ± 3.9 kJ/m² | 65.5 ± 3.6 kJ/m² | 30.2 ± 2.3 kJ/m² |
Best Use Cases for Each Filament Type
PLA:
Ideal for prototypes, detailed models, educational projects, and decorative items.
PLA+:
Suitable for mechanical parts requiring improved toughness and moderate flexibility, like brackets, enclosures, and mechanical prototypes.
PLA Pro:
Best for professional applications demanding high accuracy, reliable mechanical properties, and superior surface finish, such as industrial prototypes, precise fittings, and end-use components.
Conclusion
While standard PLA remains a staple for general 3D printing, PLA+ and PLA Pro unlock new capabilities for more demanding applications. Engineers and makers can now select materials that closely align with their performance requirements without sacrificing the printability that makes PLA so popular.
Before making your choice, consider not only the strength and heat resistance but also the printer setup, post-processing requirements, and cost. For best results, test multiple filaments and tune your slicer profiles to optimize performance.
Understanding the differences between PLA, PLA+, and PLA Pro is crucial for selecting the optimal material for your 3D printing project. Standard PLA is a great beginner choice and perfect for non-mechanical prints, PLA+ strikes a balance between ease of use and improved mechanical properties, and PLA Pro delivers premium performance for professional and industrial applications.
Further Reading: